Background: A pre-lacteal feed is any food other than mothers milk provided to a new-born before breastfeeding begins. It has an effect on the timing of breastfeeding initiation and exclusive breastfeeding activities. Pre-lacteal feeding decreases the immunological benefits derived from colostrum while also increasing the risk of infection. Pre-lacteal feeding is a dangerous infant feeding technique that is commonly used in the developing world, including Bangladesh. The present study might help us to become well aware of the correct weaning practices by the rural mothers, their beliefs and their customs and thus may guide us regarding the ways to improve the nutritional status of the rural children as well as to improve the knowledge and practice regarding pre-lacteal feeding and weaning of the mothers.

Background : Prenatal paternity test is mostly performed by using Amniocentesis or Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) methods. However, these methods require invasive procedures, which are potentially harmful for both the mother and the fetus. Currently, the invention of of Cell-Free Fetal DNA (cffDNA) has offered the opportunity of performing prenatal paternity test non-invasively. Materials and Methods : This study is a cross sectional descriptive study to detect cell free fetal DNA at 13 STR loci and at amelogenin gene to evaluate fetus gender, which will be compared to the baby gender afterbirth. Healthy third semester pregnant women were included as participants. Inform consent for both the mother and the biological father has been provided. Result : Four participants has been evaluated. In this study, in all participants, we found the presence of cffDNA in almost all of the STR loci. Some loci cannot be detected due to the small amount of cffDNA in the loci. All fetus genders detected by cffDNA in the amelogenin gene macthed the gender of the four babies afterbirth. Conclusion : The use of Cell-Free Fetal DNA (cffDNA) is a potential non-invasive methods in prenatal paternity test. Additionally, the ability of the method to evaluate fetus gender has been suggested.

Background: Nurses are the vital for any health care setting and basic nursing cares is concerned with helping a patient and meet his or her basic needs. The main role of nursing today is to help the individual to attain or maintain the optimal level of health. -+In Bangladesh, health care service is mostly curative oriented and hospital based where the quality of service is a major concern particularly care provided by nurses. Therefore, in the present study the researcher interested to measure the degree of patients satisfaction and its relationship with quality of nursing care, which is measured by three important aspects of nurses including nurses attitude, behavior and interpersonal relationship. Many previous researchers have studied patient satisfaction towards nursing services in healthcare setting using NCPSS with Likert scale. But in this study the researcher used Rissers patients satisfaction scale. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted from January to December 2015, purposively about 329 admitted patients of male, female and gyene & obstetrical ward at Adhunik Sadar Hospital, Nilphamary to find out the level of satisfaction on nursing care among admitted patients in secondary level Hospital. Data were collected by the researcher himself by face to face interview with a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Results: Result reveals that regarding attitude 52.6% were satisfied, 33.4% and 14.0% were highly satisfied and dissatisfied respectively. Regarding nurses behavior 53.8% were satisfied, 32.5% and 13.7% were highly satisfied and dissatisfied respectively. Regarding nurses interpersonal relationship 44.4% were highly satisfied, 40.4% and 15.2% were satisfied and dissatisfied respectively. Conclusion: Nurses need to improve their attitude, behavior, and interpersonal relationship for patients satisfaction.

Introduction: Bacteria and their virulence factors are the main causes of apical periodontitis after endodontic treatment. The bacteria that is often found and considered as pathogens in root canals after endodontic treatment is Enterococcus faecalis. The main goal of endodontic treatment is the elimination of microorganisms and preventing re-infection after root canal treatment which can be achieved through mechanical-chemical debridement using an irrigation solution. Basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum) which is an herbal plant are thought to have antibacterial compounds that can inhibit Enterococcus faecalis. This research was conducted to determine the antibacterial potential of the n-hexane extract of basil leaves against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. Methods: This experimental laboratory study tested the effectiveness of n-hexane extract of basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum) against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 using disk diffusion method with three times of repetition. Results: The results of this study indicated that the n-hexane extract of basil leaves did not have an inhibition zone against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. Discussion: The concentration of n-hexane extract of basil leaves was not directly proportional to the diameter of the resulting inhibition zone. This is due to several factors that can affect the test results. Conclusion: The n-hexane extract of basil leaves does not have antibacterial potential effect against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212.

Epithelioid hemangioendotheliomas are rare neoplasms involving any sites including soft tissue, lung, liver, kidney, etc. and many more. A multifocal hemangioendothelioma is extremely rare, and it can very well be mistaken as angiosarcoma with metastasis. Here, we describe a case of multifocal hemangioendothelioma which radiologically appeared like multiple metastatic lesions in paraspinal muscle, liver, kidney, adrenal, lung and gluteus muscle arising from renal cell carcinoma, lung carcinoma, or renal angiosarcoma. But histologically the picture is characteristic of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. Morphological differentiation between an epithelioid hemangioendothelioma and epithelioid angiosarcoma is more helpful than the immunohistochemical markers.

Background: Mucocutaneous lesions are one of the first clinical presentations of immunosuppression in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) seropositive patients that manifest at different stages of the infection that requires early diagnosis along with prompt treatment(1). Objectives: (1) To study the prevalence of mucocutaneous manifestations in HIV-seropositive patients attending the ART center of our hospital in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. (2) To correlate mucocutaneous manifestations with CD4 cell counts. Materials and methods: 150 HIV positive patients above 18 year old with definite cutaneous manifestations attending ART center and OPD in the Department of Dermatology and venereology in a tertiary care centre Visakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh, India) were studied from May 2020 to May 2021. Results: Out of 150 HIV patients, who aged 20 -80 years with a mean age of 25, (23.8%) were 60 (40%) female and 90 (60%) were males, majority of the patients were labourers 50 (33.3%) by occupation , 41 (27.3%) had CD4 counts < 200, 73 (48.6%) had CD4 counts of 200–500, and 54 (36%) had CD4 counts > 500. The most common dermatological presentation was pruritic papular eruptions 24 (16.%) followed by cutaneous drug reaction 19(12.67%) and scabies 12 (8%). Conclusion: At the end of study we concluded that cutaneous manifestations can be considered as good clinical indicators for the progression of disease and underlying immune status in resource poor settings

Background of the Study: Accessory bone found in the human skull bone between squamous part of parietal and in between lambda suture is called inca bone or wormian bone .A total of 100 dried skulls were examined to know the anatomical variations of the inter parietal bone. This variants of the bones are considered as normal. This knowledge of the study very useful for the neurosurgeon, orthopedic surgeons and forensic experts for their clinical intervention.